Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2025

6 Methodology

Survey metadata and notes.

6.1 General

49,009 responses from 166 countries are used in these survey results.

An age question, a consent question and the question asking "Which of the following options best describes you today?" were all used as qualifiers in the responses we kept for analysis. ~15K responses were not used.

The survey was fielded from May 29, 2025 to June 23, 2025.

Respondents were recruited primarily through channels owned by Stack Overflow. The top sources of respondents were onsite messaging, blog posts, email/newsletter subscribers, banner ads, and social media posts. Since respondents were recruited in this way, highly-engaged users on Stack Overflow were more likely to notice the prompts to take the survey over the duration of the collection promotion. We also recruited respondents via a Reddit ad campaign, this accounted for < 2% of total responses.

We converted salaries from user currencies to USD using the exchange rate on June 25, 2025.

Some questions that are multi-select for the available choices have switched to be displayed as a percentage of total unique responses instead of total frequency of responses this year.

6.2 Feedback